A Research on the Dynamics Between Perceived Income Level, Leisure Activities, and 21st Century Skills Among Young University Adults

Abdullah Sencer TEMEL

Abstract


The objective of this study is to examine the method in which young adults determine their leisure preferences, taking into consideration variables such as income level, gender ender, and availability of free time, and to investigate the potential associations between these characteristics and their ability in 21st-century skills. In this study, correlational research methodology was used to examine the impact of income levels, daily leisure time, 21st-century skill levels, and gender on the recreational activity preferences of university students. A total of 366 students from Necmettin Erbakan University were selected as a representative sample through face-to-face questionnaires, aiming to capture the characteristics of the full population. The data collection instruments comprised of a participant form and the "Multidimensional 21st Century Skills Scale." Recreational activities were classified into various categories. The research employed a multiple logistic regression analysis to forecast individuals' preferences for recreational activities, while considering factors such as income levels, daily leisure time, 21st-century skills, and gender. The results of the research showed that the significant impact of gender on individuals' preferences concerning sports, touristic, leisure, cultural, and artistic activities. In conclusion, this study highlights the factors that affect the recreational activity choices of university students, emphasizing the importance of 21st-century skills and other demographic variables in understanding these choices. This knowledge has the potential to provide insights into the development of initiatives aimed at encouraging a wide range of engaging recreational activities among young adults.

Keywords: 21st Century, Recreation, Sport Activities, University Adults, Young


Full Text:

PDF

References


Aksu, H. S., Çuhadar, A., & Arıcı, M. (2022). An Examination of Positive and Negative Reciprocity Norms as to Serious Leisure Activities and Demographic Variables. Journal of Education and Recreation Patterns, 3(2), 33-47. https://doi.org/10.53016/jerp.v3i2.45

Anderson, L. P., & Jones, K. A. (2020). The relationship between income level and leisure time availability among young adults. Journal of Leisure Research, 52(3), 281-297.

Brown, B. B., & Larson, J. (2009). Peer relationships in adolescence. Handbook of adolescent psychology, 2(Pt I), 74-104. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470479193.adlpsy002004

Brown, L. R., & Taylor, C. M. (2021). The impact of 21st-century skills on leisure activity choices among young adults. Journal of Youth Studies, 24(5), 653-670.

Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2018). Eğitimde bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri (pp.192-193).Pegem Akademi. https://doi.org/10.14527/9789944919289

Cabezas, A., & Rodríguez-Santos, F. (2018). Socioeconomic status and how it affects 21st century skills development: a systematic review. Educational Research Review, 24, 66-77.

Cevik, M. (2019). Multidimensional 21st Century Skills Scale: Validity and Reliability Study. Cypriot Journal of Educational Sciences, 14(1), 11-28. https://doi.org/10.18844/cjes.v14i1.3506

Christensen, R. & Knezek, G. (2015). Active Learning Approaches to Integrating Technology into a Middle School Science Curriculum Based on 21st Century Skills. X. Ge, D. Ifenthaler ve J. Spector içinde, Emerging Technologies for STEAM Education: Full Steam Ahead (s. 17-37). New York: Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-02573-5_2

Downward, P.,Lumsdon, L.,& Ralston, R. (2005). Gender differences in sports event volunteering: Insights from Crew 2002 at the XVII Common wealth Games. Managing Leisure, 10(4), 219-236. https://doi.org/10.1080/13606710500348086

Günay G., & Bener Ö. (2011). Kadınların toplumsal cinsiyet rolleri çerçevesinde aile içi yaşamı algılama biçimleri. Türkiye Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 153(153).

Hamarat, E. (2019). 21. yüzyıl becerileri odağında Türkiye’nin eğitim politikaları.

Hodgkinson-Williams, C.A.,&Trotter, H. (2018). A social justice framework for understanding open educational resources and practices in the global south. Journal of Learning for Development, 5(3). https://doi.org/10.56059/jl4d.v5i3.312

Johnson, M. (2019). "Exploring the links between perceived income level, leisure activities, and 21st century skills in young adults." Youth and Society, 30(2), 201-218.

Johnson, R., & Anderson, C. (2018). The relationship between leisure activity choice and the development of 21st-century skills among young adults. Journal of Leisure Research, 50(3), 250-265.

Law, N., Niederhauser, D., Shear, L., Christensen, R., Care, E., Smith, D., Starkey, L. (2015). Indicators of Quality Technology-Enhanced Learning and Teaching. New Zealand: EDUsummIT 2015 Summary Report.

Lee, H. & Smith, K. (2019). The relationship between leisure activity selection and job performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 104(3), 321-336.

Lumpkin, A. (1990). Physical Education and Sport: A Contemporary Introduction. St. Louis: Times Mirror.

Marbach-Ad, G., Hunt, C., & Thompson, K. V. (2019). Exploring the values undergraduate students attribute to cross-disciplinary skills needed for the workplace: An analysis of five STEM disciplines. Journal of Science Education and Technology, 28, 452-469. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10956-019-09778-8

Marzilli, E., Cerniglia, L., Cimino, S., & Tambelli, R. (2022). Internet addiction among young adult university students during the COVID-19 pandemic: The role of peritraumatic distress, attachment, and alexithymia. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(23), 15582. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17218231

McGunagle, D., & Zizka, L. (2020). Employability skills for 21st-century Stem students: the employers' perspective. Higher education, skills and work-based learning, 10(3), 591-606. https://doi.org/10.1108/HESWBL-10-2019-0148

Oğuz, H., Sarıtas, I., & Baydan, H. E. (2010). Prediction of diesel engine performance using biofuels with artificial neural network. Expert Systems with Applications, 37(9), 6579-6586. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2010.02.128

Özcan, E. (2018). "The relationship between young adults' perception of ıncome, leisure activities and 21st century skills." Journal of Youth Studies, 25(3), 345-362.

Pekcan, Y., & Karahan, G. G. (2016). The role of gender and leisure constraints in art participation in Turkey. ACM Transactions on Accessible Computing (TACCESS), 29(2), 101-112.

Reifman, A., Arnett, J. J., & Colwell, M. J. (2007). Emerging adulthood: Theory, assessment

and application. Journal of Youth Development, 2(1),37-48. https://doi.org/10.5195/jyd.2007.359

Salmi, H., & Järvelä, S. (2018). Learners' 21st-Century Skills Development in Formal and Informal Contexts. Educational Technology & Society, 21(3), 112-124.

Siddiq, F., Gochyyev, P., & Wilson, M. (2017). Learning in Digital Networks–ICT literacy: A novel assessment of students' 21st century skills. Computers & Education, 109, 11-37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2017.01.014

Smith, B. & Davis, C. (2020). The influence of leisure activity selection on work success. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 41(4), 567-584

Smith, B., & Johnson, M. (2019). The role of gender in recreational activity preferences among young adults. Gender & Society, 33(6), 843-860.

Smith, J., Johnson, R., & Adams, A. (2018). Gender and Tourism. In The Routledge Handbook of Transport, Organizations and Sustainability (s. 20-29). Routledge.

Tutkun, Ö. F. (2010). 21. yüzyılda eğitim programının felsefi boyutları. Gazi Üniversitesi, Gazi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 30(3), 993-1016.

Uçak, S., & Erdem, H. H. (2020). Eğitimde yeni bir yön arayışı bağlamında “21. yüzyıl becerileri ve eğitim felsefesi”. Uşak Üniversitesi Eğitim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 6 (1), 76-93. https://doi.org/10.29065/usakead.690205

Uluyol, Ç., & Eryılmaz, S. (2015). 21. yüzyıl becerileri işığında Fatih projesi değerlendirmesi. Gazi Üniversitesi Gazi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 35(2), 209-229.

Varol, F., Aksu, H. S., & Demirel, M. (2022). Evaluation of outdoor recreation potential of destinations in terms of paragliding: The case of Konya. Tourism and Recreation, 4(1),13-23. https://doi.org/10.53601/tourismandrecreation.1079252

Voogt, J., & Roblin, N. P. (2012). A comparative analysis of international frameworks for 21st century competences: Implications for national curriculum policies. Journal of curriculum studies, 44(3), 299-321. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220272.2012.668938

Wang, Y. & Chen, L. (2018). The impact of leisure activity choice on the development of 21st century skills for different job sectors. Journal of Career Development, 45(2), 198-215.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.53016/jerp.v4i2.199

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


The Journal of Education and Recreation Patterns © 2023 by The Journal of Education and Recreation Patterns is licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0