The Effect of Servant Leadership Behaviors of School Principals on Teachers’ Job Satisfaction
Abstract
In this study, the effect of servant leadership behaviors of school principals on teachers’ job satisfaction was examined according to teacher opinions. A total of 434 teachers working in public schools in 12 provinces in different regions of Turkey participated in the research. In this study, casual-comparative and correlational survey models were used. Data were collected by using the “Servant Leadership Scale” and “Job Satisfaction Scale”. Descriptive and probative statistical techniques were used to analyze the data. As a result, it was determined that school principals’ servant leadership behaviors and teachers’ job satisfaction were high. It was also determined that the job satisfaction of teachers with a seniority of 21 years and above was higher than that of teachers with a seniority of 11-15 years. It was revealed that male teachers’ servant leadership perceptions were higher than female teachers. In addition, the results showed that there was a positive and moderate relationship between servant leadership and job satisfaction. The study also concluded that servant leadership was a significant predictor of teacher job satisfaction. Suggestions were made for practitioners and other researchers considering the results and limitations of the research.
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Abbas, A., Saud, M., Suhariadi, F., Usman, I., & Ekowati, D. (2020). Positive leadership psychology: Authentic and servant leadership in higher education in Pakistan. Current Psychology, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-020-01051-1
Akehurst, G., Comeche, J. M., & Galindo, M.-A. (2009). Job satisfaction and commitment in the entrepreneurial SME. Small Business Economics, 32(3), 277–289. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-008-9116-z
Al-Mahdy, Y. F., Al-Harthi, A. S., & Salah El-Din, N. S. (2016). Perceptions of school principals’ servant leadership and their teachers’ job satisfaction in Oman. Leadership and Policy in Schools, 15(4), 543-566. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15700763.2015.1047032
Andersen, J. A. (2018). Servant leadership and transformational leadership: From comparisons to farewells. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 39(6), 762–774. https://doi.org/10.1108/LODJ-01-2018-0053
Anderson, K. P. (2005). A correlational analysis of servant leadership and job satisfaction in a religious educational organization (Publication No. 3162292) [Doctoral dissertation, University of Phoenix]. ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global.
Ansley, B. M., Houchins, D., & Varjas, K. (2019). Cultivating positive work contexts that promote teacher job satisfaction and retention in high-need schools. Journal of Special Education Leadership, 32(1), 3-16. Retrieved from https://files.eric.ed.gov
Aşlamacı, İ. (2017). İmam-hatip liselerinde görev yapan öğretmenlerin mesleki doyum düzeylerinin çeşitli değişkenler açısından incelenmesi. Hitit Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 16(31), 175-201. https://doi.org/10.14395/hititilahiyat.333202
Balay, R., Kaya, A., & Geçdoğan-Yılmaz, R. (2014). Eğitim yöneticilerinin hizmetkâr liderlik yeterlikleri ile farklılıkları yönetme becerileri arasındaki ilişki. Eğitim Bilimleri Araştırmaları Dergisi, 4, 229-249. http://dx.doi.org/10.12973/jesr.2014.4os14a
Banutu-Gomez, M. B., & Banutu-Gomez, S. M. T. (2007). Leadership and organizational change in a competitive environment. Business Renaissance Quarterly, 2(2), 69–91. Retrieved from https://www.proquest.com
Barbuto, J. E., & Hayden, R. W. (2011). Testing relationships between servant leadership dimensions and leader member exchange (LMX). Journal of Leadership Education, 10(2), 22-37. https://doi.org/10.12806/V10/I2/RF1
Başaran, M., & Güçlü, N. (2018). Okul yöneticilerinin yönetim biçimleri ile öğretmenlerin iş doyumu arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. Gazi Üniversitesi Gazi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 38(3), 949-963. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr
Beştaş Marakçı, D. (2020). İlkokulda görev yapan yöneticilerin hizmetkar liderlik özellikleri ile öğretmenlerin motivasyonları arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi [Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi]. Siirt Üniversitesi.
Blustein, D. L. (2011). A relational theory of working. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 79(1), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2010.10.004
Bozkurt, Ö., & Bozkurt, İ. (2008). İş tatminini etkileyen işletme içi faktörlerin eğitim sektörü açısından değerlendirilmesine yönelik bir alan araştırması. Doğuş Üniversitesi Dergisi, 9(1), 1-18. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr
Cerit, Y. (2009). The effects of servant leadership behaviours of school principals on teachers’ job satisfaction. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 37(5), 600–623. https://doi.org/10.1177/1741143209339650
Chan, S. C. H., & Mak, W. (2014). The impact of servant leadership and subordinates’ organizational tenure on trust in leader and attitudes. Personnel Review, 43(2), 272–287. https://doi.org/ 10.1108/PR-08-2011-0125
Crossman, A., & Harris, P. (2006). Job satisfaction of secondary school teachers. Educational Management Administration and Leadership, 34(1), 29-46. https://doi.org/10.1177/1741143206059538
Cyert, R. (2006). Defining leadership and explicating the process. Nonprofit Management and Leadership, 1(1), 29–38. https://doi.org/10.1002/nml.4130010105
Çakmak, M. S., & Arabacı, İ. B. (2017). Öğretmenlerin pozitif psikolojik sermaye algılarının iş doyumları ve örgütsel bağlılıkları üzerindeki etkisi. Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 16(62), 890-909. https://doi.org/10.17755/esosder.282130
Çiçek, O. (2015). Eğitim örgütlerinde hizmetkâr liderliğe yönelik bir araştırma [Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi]. Osmangazi Üniversitesi.
Daubert, S. J. (2007). Exploring the relationship of motivation and environmental attitudes to servant leadership (Publication No. 3293927) [Doctoral dissertation, The University of Nebraska]. ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global.
Demirtaş, Z. (2010). Teachers’ job satisfaction levels. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 9, 1069-1073. https://doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.12.287
Demirtaş, Z., & Alanoğlu, M. (2015). Öğretmenlerin karara katılımı ve iş doyumu arasındaki ilişki. Ahi Evran Üniversitesi Kırşehir Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 16(2), 83-100. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr.
Demirtaş, Z., & Nacar, D. (2018). Öğretmenlerin iş doyumu ve örgütsel sessizlik algıları arasındaki ilişki. Journal of Educational Reflections, 2(1), 13-23. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr
Dilekçi, Ü. (2022). Teacher autonomy as a predictor of job satisfaction. Bartın University Journal of Faculty of Education, 11(2), 328-337. https://doi.org/10.14686/buefad.1020340
Doğan, Ü. (2015). Özel eğitim kurumlarında çalışan öğretmenlerin örgütsel adanmışlık düzeyleri ile müdürlerinin hizmetkâr liderlik davranışları arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi [Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi]. Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi.
Doğan, Ü., & Aslan, H. (2016). Özel eğitim kurumlarında çalışan müdürlerin hizmetkâr liderlik davranışları ile öğretmenlerin örgütsel adanmışlık düzeyleri arasındaki ilişki. Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 35(2), 51-68. https://doi.org/10.7822/omuefd.35.2.4
Dos Santos, L. M. (2020). The relationship between teachers and school professional staff’s retention and managerial styles. Journal of Education and E-Learning Research, 7(1), 42-48. https://doi.org/10.20448/journal.509.2020.71.42.48
Duman, C. (2006). Ortaöğretim kurumlarında görev yapan coğrafya öğretmenlerinin iş tatmini [Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi]. Marmara Üniversitesi.
Ekinci, A. (2015). Development of the school principals’ servant leadership behaviors scale and evaluation of servant leadership behaviors according to teachers’ views. Education and Science, 40(179), 341-360. https://doi.org/10.15390/EB.2015.2152
Erdoğan, H. (2017). Ortaokul yöneticilerinin öğretim liderliği ile öğretmenlerin iş doyumu arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi [Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi]. İstanbul Sabahattin Zaim Üniversitesi.
Ertürk, R. (2021). The relationship between school administrators' supportive behaviors and teachers' job satisfaction and subjective well-being. International Journal of Contemporary Educational Research, 8(4), 184-195. https://doi.org/10.33200/ijcer.956667
Eva, N., Robin, M., Sendjaya, S., van Dierendonck, D., & Liden, R. C. (2019). Servant leadership: A systematic review and call for future research. The Leadership Quarterly, 30(1), 111–132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2018.07.004
Evans, L. (1997). Addressing problems of conceptualization and construct validity in researching teachers’ job satisfaction. Educational Research, 39(3), 319-331. https://doi.org/10.1080/0013188970390307
Girard, S. H. (2000). Servant leadership qualities exhibited by illinois public school district superintendents (Publication No. 9973347) [Doctoral dissertation, Saint Louis University]. ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global.
Gligorovic, B., Terek, E., Glusac, D., Sajfert, Z., & Adamovic, Z. (2014). Job satisfaction and gender differences in job satisfaction of teachers in Serbian primary schools. Journal of Engineering Management and Competitiveness, 4(2), 94-100. https://doi.org/10.5937/jemc1402094G
Graham, J. W. (1991). Servant leadership in organizations: Inspirational and moral. Leadership Quarterly, 2(2), 105–119. https://doi:10.1016/1048-9843(91)90025-W.
Grant, A. M. (2008). The significance of task significance: Job performance effects, relational mechanisms, and boundary conditions. The Journal of Applied Psychology, 93(1), 108–124. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.93.1.108
Greenleaf, R. K. (1998). The power of servant-leadership: Essays (L. C. Spears, Ed.). Berrett-Koehler Publishers.
Greenleaf, R. K. (1970). Essentials of servant leadership. In Focus on leadership: Servant- leadership for the 21st century, edited by L. C.
Spears and M. Lawrence, 19–26. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
Greenleaf Center for Servant Leadership. (2014). About the Robert K. Greenleaf Center. Retrieved from https://greenleaf.org/about-us/
Gündoğdu, G. B. (2013). Sınıf öğretmenlerinin iş doyumu ve mesleki tükenmişlik düzeyleri üzerine bir çalışma: Mersin ili örneği [Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi]. Çağ Üniversitesi.
Harter, S. (2002). Authenticity. In Handbook of Positive Psychology, edited by C. R. Snyder and S. J. Lopez, 382-394. London: Oxford University Press.
Harvey, G. E. (2018). Teachers' perceptions of the principal's servant leadership and their job satisfaction (Publication No. 10785279) [Doctoral dissertation, Grand Canyon University]. ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global.
Herbst, J. D. (2003). Organizational servant leadership and its relationship to secondary school effectiveness (Publication No. 3110574) [Doctoral dissertation, Florida Atlantic University]. ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global.
Ho, C. L., & Au, W. T. (2006). Teaching satisfaction scale: Measuring job satisfaction of teachers. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 66(1), 172-185. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013164405278573
Hu, J., & Liden, R. C. (2011). Antecedents of team potency and team effectiveness: An examination of goal and process clarity and servant leadership. Journal of Applied Psychology, 96(4), 851-862. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0022465
Irving, J. A., & Longbotham, G. J. (2007). Team effectiveness and six essential servant leadership themes: A regression model based on items in the organizational leadership assessment. International Journal of Leadership Studies, 2(2), 98–113. Retrieved from https://www.servantleaderperformance.com
İdi, A. (2017). İlkokul ve ortaokullarda örgütsel iklim ile öğretmenlerin iş doyumu arasındaki ilişki [Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi]. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi.
İnce, N. B., & Şahin, A. E. (2016). Birleştirilmiş ve bağımsız sınıflarda çalışan sınıf öğretmenlerinin mesleki doyum ve tükenmişlik düzeylerinin karşılaştırılması. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 31(2), 391-409. https://doi.org/10.16986/HUJE.2016015702
İş, E., & Balcı, S. (2017). Okul müdürlerinin (ilkokul-ortaokul-lise) hizmetkâr liderlik davranış boyutlarının öğretmen algılarına göre değerlendirilmesi. Uluslararası Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 10(50), 517-529. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net
Jennings, D. B. (2002). Those who would lead must first serve: The praxis of servant leadership by public school principals (Publication No. 3049171) [Doctoral dissertation, The University of North Carolina]. ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global.
Johnson, C. (2001). Meeting the ethical challenges of leadership. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Jones, D., & Watson, S. B. (2017). The relationship between administrative leadership behaviors and teacher retention in Christian schools. Journal of Research on Christian Education, 26(1), 44–55. https://doi.org/10.1080/10656219.2017.1282903
Kahveci, H. (2012). İlköğretim okullarında hizmetkar örgüt liderliğinin incelenmesi [Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi]. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi.
Kahveci, G., Kotbaş, S., & Bayram, S. (2019). Öğretmenlerin örgütsel erdemlilik düzeyleri ile iş doyumları arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. Kuramsal Eğitimbilim Dergisi, 12(1), 205-226. https://doi.org/10.30831/akukeg.428332
Karakuzu, S. (2013). Denizli il merkezinde bulunan ilkokullarda görev yapan sınıf öğretmenleri ve ortaokullarda görev yapan branş öğretmenlerinin iş doyumunun incelenmesi [Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi]. Gazi Üniversitesi.
Katıtaş, S., Karadaş, H., & Coşkun, B. (2022). Okul yöneticilerinin etik liderlik davranışlarının öğretmenlerin öznel iyi oluş ve iş doyumları üzerindeki etkisi. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, (62), 182-207. https://doi.org/10.21764/maeuefd.949243
Kengatharan, N. (2020). The effects of teacher autonomy, student behavior and student engagement on teacher job satisfaction. Educational Sciences: Theory & Practice, 20(4), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.12738/jestp.2020.4.001
Kılıç, Ö. S. (2011). İlköğretim okullarında görev yapan okul müdürü ve öğretmenlerin iş doyumu (Tokat ili örneği) [Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi]. Selçuk Üniversitesi.
Kılıç, K. C., & Aydın, Y. (2016). Hizmetkâr liderlik ölçeğinin Türkçe uyarlaması: Güvenirlik ve geçerlik çalışması. KMÜ Sosyal ve Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi, 18(30), 106-113. Retrieved from toad.halileksi.net
Kış, A. Gürgür, H., & Akçamete, G. (2012). Engelli öğretmenlerin iş doyumları ve çalışma koşulları. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 1(23), 272-294. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr
Koruklu, N., Feyzioğlu, B., Özenoğlu Kiremit, H., & Aladağ, E. (2013). Öğretmenlerin iş doyumu düzeylerinin bazı değişkenlere göre incelenmesi, Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, (25), 119-137. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr
Köse, A. (2019). Career decision regret as a predictor: Do teachers and administrators regret due to their career choice? World Journal of Education, 9(1), 38-55. https://doi.org/10.5430/wje.v9n1p38
Kumari, G., Joshi, G., & Pandey, K. (2014). Analysis of factors affecting job satisfaction of the employees in public and private sector. International Journal of Trends in Economics Management & Technology (IJTEMT), 3(1), 11-19. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net
Kumedzro, F. K. (2018). Teachers’ perception of job satisfaction and retention in Ghana: Perspectives from special needs educators. African Educational Research Journal, 6(4), 262-268. https://doi.org/10.30918/AERJ.64.18.075
Ladd, H. F. (2011) Teachers’ perceptions of their working conditions: How predictive of planned and actual teacher movement? Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 33(2), 235-261. https://doi.org/10.3102/0162373711398128
Lambert, W. E. (2004). Servant leadership qualities of principals, organizational climate, and student achievement: A correlational study (Publication No. 3165799) [Doctoral dissertation, Nova Southeastern University]. ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global.
Latif, K. F., Machuca, M. M., Marimon, F., & Sahibzada, U. F. (2020). Servant leadership, career, and life satisfaction in higher education: A cross-country study of Spain, China, and Pakistan. Applied Research in Quality of Life, 16(3), 1221-1247. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11482-019- 09809-x
Latif, K. F., & Marimon, F. (2019). Development and validation of servant leadership scale in Spanish higher education. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 40(4), 499-519. https://doi.org/10.1108/LODJ-01-2019-0041
Laub, J. (2004). Defining servant leadership: A recommended typology for servant leadership studies. Paper presented at Servant Leadership Research Roundtable, Regent University, Virginia Beach, VA. Retrieved from www.regent.edu
Liden, R. C., Wayne, S. J., Chenwei, L., & Meuser, J. D. (2014). Servant leadership and serving culture: Influence on individual and unit performance. Academy of Management Journal, 57(5), 1434-1452. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2013.0034
Liden, R. C., Wayne, S. J., Meuser, J. D., Hu, J., Wua, J., & Liao, C. (2013). Servant leadership: Validation of a short form of the SL-28. The Leadership Quarterly, 26(2), 254-269. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2014.12.002
Liden, R. C., Wayne, S. J., Zhao, H., & Henderson, D. (2008). Servant leadership: Development of a multidimensional measure and multi-level assessment. Leadership Quarterly, 19(2), 161-177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2008.01.006
Mayer, D. M., Bardes, M., & Piccolo, R. F. (2008). Do servant-leaders help satisfy follower needs? An organizational justice perspective. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 17(2), 180-197. https://doi.org/10.1080/13594320701743558
McAlpin, D. S., & Slate, J. R. (2021). School level differences in school threat scenario written plans: A national analysis. Journal of Education and Recreation Patterns (JERP), 2(1), 1-10. Retrieved from https://www.jerpatterns.com
Menon, M., & Reppa, A. (2011). Job satisfaction among secondary school teachers: The role of gender and experience. School Leadership and Management, 31(5), 435-450. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632434.2011.614942.
Meyer, J. P., Becker, T. E., & Vandenberghe, C. (2004). Employee commitment and motivation: A conceptual analysis and integrative model. The Journal of Applied Psychology, 89(6), 991–1007. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.89.6.991
Meziroğlu, M. (2005). Sınıf ve branş öğretmenlerinin iş doyum düzeylerinin ölçülmesi [Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi]. Zonguldak Karaelmas Üniversitesi.
Mora, T., & Ferrer-i-Carbonell, A. (2009). The job satisfaction gender gap among young recent university graduates: Evidence from Catalonia. The Journal of Socio-Economics, 38(4), 581–589. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socec.2009.02.003
Ndoria, J. (2004). Servant leadership: Academic jargon or lifestyle? Paper presented at Servant Leadership Research Roundtable, Regent University, Virginia Beach, VA. Retrieved from www.regent.edu
Northouse, P. G. (2019). Leadership: Theory and practice (8th ed.). SAGE Publications.
Obasuyi, L. J. (2019). Relationships between teachers’ perceptions of principals’ servant leadership behaviors and job satisfaction (Publication No. 13428246) [Doctoral dissertation, Grand Canyon University]. ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global.
Ogedengbe, E., Adelekun, T., Eyengho, T., Ogunley, S., & Bankole, K. (2018). The influence of gender on job satisfaction of teachers in Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria. Bulgarian Journal of Science and Education Policy, 12(1), 48-59. Retrieved from http://bjsep.org
Olsen, A. A., & Huang, F. L. (2019). Teacher job satisfaction by principal support and teacher cooperation: Results from the Schools and Staffing Survey. Education Policy Analysis Archives, 27(11), 1-31. http://dx.doi.org/10.14507/epaa.27.4174
Öter, Ö. M. (2021). Okul müdürlerinin hizmetkâr liderlik davranışları ile okulların örgüt sağlığı ve öğretmenlerin yaşam doyumu arasındaki ilişki [Yayınlanmamış doktora tezi]. Dicle Üniversitesi.
Özkan, A. (2017). İlkokul ve ortaokul öğretmenlerinin iş doyumu düzeyleri (Balıkesir ili merkez ilçeler örneği) [Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi]. Balıkesir Üniversitesi.
Özkan, U. B., & Akgenç, E. (2022). Teachers' job satisfaction: Multilevel analyses of teacher, school, and principal effects. FIRE: Forum for International Research in Education, 7(3), 1-23.
Player, D., Youngs, P., Perrone, F., & Grogan, E. (2017). How principal leadership and person- job fit are associated with teacher mobility and attrition. Teaching and Teacher Education, 67, 330-339. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2017.06.017
Plsek, P., & Wilson, T. (2001). Complexity, leadership, and management in healthcare organizations. British Medical Journal, 323(7315), 746–749. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.323.7315.746
Reddy, A. V., & Kamesh, A. V. S. (2019). Integrating servant leadership and ethical leadership. In Ethical leadership, edited by M. Chatterji and L. Zsolnai, 107–124. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
Russell, R. F., & Stone, A. G. (2002). A review of servant leadership attributes: Developing a practical model. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 23(3), 145–157. https://doi:10.1108/01437730210424
Ryan, R., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Intrinsic and extrinsic motivations: Classic definitions and new directions. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 25(1), 54–67. https://doi.org/10.1006/ceps. 1999.1020
Sağır, M., Ercan, O., Duman, A., & Bilen, K. (2014). Matematik öğretmenlerinin mesleki tükenmişlik ve iş tatmin düzeyleri arasındaki ilişki. Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 11(27), 277-294. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr
Salameh, K. M. (2011). Servant leadership practices among school principals in educational directorates in Jordan. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 2(22), 138-145. Retrieved from https://www.servantleaderperformance.com
Sendjaya, S., & Sarros, J. C. (2002). Servant leadership: Its origin, development, and application in organizations. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 9(2), 57–64. https://doi:10.1177/107179190200900205.
Sevinç, Ş., & Durmuşçelebi, M. (2020). Öğretmenlerin yaşam boyu öğrenme eğilimleri ile iş doyumları arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. OPUS Uluslararası Toplum Araştırmaları Dergisi, 16(Özel Sayı), 3533-3564. https://doi.org/10.26466/opus.696882
Sharma, R. D., & Jyoti, J. (2009). Job satisfaction of university teachers: An empirical study. Journal of Services Research, 9(2), 51-80. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net
Shaw, J., & Newton, J. (2014). Teacher retention and satisfaction with a servant leader as principal. Education, 135(1), 101-106. Retrieved from https://www.ingentaconnect.com
Sims, S. (2020). Modelling the relationships between teacher working conditions, job satisfaction and workplace mobility. British Educational Research Journal, 46(2), 301- 320. https://doi-org.seu.idm.oclc.org/10.1002/berj.3578
Spears, L. C., & Wagner-Marsh, F. (1998). Insights on leadership: Service, stewardship, spirit, and servant-leadership. New York, NY: Wiley.
Şahin, İ. (2013). Öğretmenlerin iş doyumu düzeyleri. Van Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 10(1), 142-167. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr
Tasnim, S. (2006). Job satisfaction among female teachers: A study on primary schools in Bangladesh [Doctoral dissertation, Bergen University]. Retrieved from https://core.ac.uk
Taylor, T., Martin, B. N., Hutchinson, S., & Jinks, M. (2007). Examination of leadership practices of principals identified as servant leaders. International Journal of Leadership in Education, 10(4), 401–419. https://doi.org/10.1080/13603120701408262
Telef, B. B. (2011). Öğretmenlerin öz-yeterlikleri, iş doyumları, yaşam doyumları ve tükenmişliklerinin incelenmesi. İlköğretim Online, 10(1), 91-108. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr
Thompson, C. H. (2005). The public school superintendent and servant leadership (Publication No. 3190501) [Doctoral dissertation, Edgewood College]. ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global.
Toropova, A., Myrberg, E., & Johansson, S. (2021). Teacher job satisfaction: The importance of school working conditions and teacher characteristics. Educational Review, 73(1), 71-97. https://doi-org.seu.idm.oclc.org/10.1080/00131911.2019.1705247
Trivers, G. A. (2009). Servant leadership’s effects on trust and organizational citizenship behaviors (Publication No. 3444127) [Doctoral dissertation, Argosy University]. ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global.
Tunacan, S., & Çetin, C. (2009). Lise öğretmenlerinin iş doyumunu etkileyen faktörlerin tespitine ilişkin bir araştırma. M.Ü. Atatürk Eğitim Fakültesi Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, 29(1), 155-172. Retrieved from https://dergipark.org.tr
Türkmen, F., & Gül, İ. (2017). The effects of secondary school administrators' servant leadership behaviors on teachers' organizational commitment. Journal of Education and Training Studies, 5(12), 110-119. https://doi.org/10.11114/jets.v5i12.2713
Uçar, R., & Uğur, S. (2020). Teachers' views on school principals’ servant leadership behaviors: A mixed method study. Educational Administration: Theory and Practice, 26(3), 565-612. https://doi.org/10.17762/kuey.v26i3.24
Usta, N. (2015). Sınıf öğretmenlerinin iş doyumu ile demografik faktörler arasındaki ilişkinin belirlenmesi (Ankara ili Çubuk ilçesi uygulaması) [Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi]. Gazi Üniversitesi.
Ünal, S. R. (2020). Okul yöneticilerinin hizmetkar liderlik davranışları ile örgütsel sinizm algıları arasındaki ilişki [Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi]. Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi.
Ünsal, Y. (2018). Eğitim örgütlerinde sergilenen hizmetkar liderlik rollerinin öğretmenlerin örgütsel yabancılaşmasına etkisi [Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi]. Harran Üniversitesi.
Ünsal, Y., & Usta, M. E. (2021). Servant-leadership roles of principals on the work alienation perceptions of teachers. African Educational Research Journal, 9(2), 350-366. https://doi.org/10.30918/AERJ.92.21.037
Van Dierendonck, D. (2011). Servant leadership: A review and synthesis. Journal of Management, 37(4), 1228–1261. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206310380462
Van Dierendonck, D., & Nuijten, I. (2011). The servant leadership survey: Development and validation of a multidimensional measure. Journal of Business and Psychology, 26(3), 249–267. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10869-010-9194-1
Van Maele, D., & Van Houtte, M. (2012). The role of teacher and faculty trust in forming teachers’ job satisfaction: Do years of experience make a difference? Teaching and Teacher Education, 28(6), 879-889. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2012.04.00
Von Fischer, P. E. (2017). The relationship between teacher perceptions of principal servant leadership behavior and teacher job satisfaction in South Dakota (Publication No. 10598871) [Doctoral dissertation, University of South Dakota]. ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global.
Weiss, H. M. (2002). Deconstructing job satisfaction: Separating evaluations, beliefs and affective experiences. Human Resource Management Review, 12(2), 173–194. https://doi.org/10.1016/ S1053-4822(02)00045-1
Whitener, E. M., Brodt, S. E., Korsgaard, M. A., & Werner, J. M. (1998). Managers as initiators of trust: An exchange relationship framework for understanding managerial trustworthy behavior. Academy of Management Review, 23(3), 513–530. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1998.926624
Yılmaz, C. (2013). Hizmetkar liderlik ile örgütsel bağlılık arasındaki ilişki [Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi]. Gebze Yüksek Teknoloji Enstitüsü.
Young, S. (2018). Teacher retention and student achievement: How to hire and retain effective teachers. Delta Kappa Gamma Bulletin, 84(3), 16-21. Retrieved from https://web.p.ebscohost.com
DOI: https://doi.org/10.53016/jerp.v3i2.48
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
The Journal of Education and Recreation Patterns © 2023 by The Journal of Education and Recreation Patterns is licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0
