Investigation of the Relationship Between Static Postural Sway Parameters and Explosive Power in Recreational Athletes via Digital Posturography
Abstract
This study aimed to determine whether bipedal static balance performance, assessed under eyes-open and eyes-closed conditions, contributes to countermovement jump (CMJ) performance when sex-related differences and postural stability parameters are statistically controlled. Sixty-four physically active adults (32 females and 32 males; aged 18–45 years) who regularly engaged in resistance-based exercise participated in the study. Static balance was evaluated in a standardized bipedal stance using the TecnoBody D-Wall system by quantifying center-of-pressure (CoP) ellipse area under eyes-open and eyes-closed conditions. CMJ performance was assessed using the same system, with jump height, flight time, total mechanical work, maximum force, and maximum absolute power recorded. Statistical analyses were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics. Data normality was assessed with the Shapiro–Wilk test. Sex-based differences in anthropometric variables were analyzed using independent samples t-tests or Mann–Whitney U tests, as appropriate. To examine the effect of sex on CMJ performance while controlling for static balance parameters, analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) models were applied, with eyes-open and eyes-closed CoP ellipse areas entered as covariates. ANCOVA results revealed significant main effects of sex on several CMJ outcomes, including flight time, total work, maximum force, and maximum absolute power (p < 0.05), with large effect sizes. Eyes-open static balance did not significantly influence any CMJ parameter. In contrast, the eyes-closed CoP ellipse area demonstrated a borderline significant effect on total mechanical work (p = 0.050), suggesting a limited contribution of proprioceptive-dominant postural control to mechanical work production independent of sex. These findings indicate that bipedal static balance, as quantified by CoP ellipse area, does not substantially explain variability in vertical jump performance beyond sex-related effects. This conclusion is specific to static balance conditions and should not be generalized to dynamic balance or functional stability tasks. Overall, static postural control and explosive jump performance appear to represent largely independent motor capacities, underscoring the importance of task-specific assessment and training strategies in athletic populations.
Keywords: Countermovement Jump, Digital Posturography Technologies, Static Balance.
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Alhashimi, G. F. L., Shadmehr, A., Fereydounnia, S., Moghadam, B. A., & Abdulgani, F. M. (2024). Comparison of Single Session Auditory Versus Visual Feedback on Performance and Postural Balance in Hemiplegic Children With Cerebral Palsy. Cureus, 16(7), e64003. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.64003
Chaouachi, A., Othman, A. B., Hammami, R., Drinkwater, E. J., & Behm, D. G. (2014). The combination of plyometric and balance training improves sprint and shuttle run performances more often than plyometric-only training with children. Journal of strength and conditioning research, 28(2), 401–412. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3182987059
Christensen, B. K., & Nordstrom, B. J. (2008). The effects of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation and dynamic stretching techniques on vertical jump performance. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 22(6), 1826-1831.
Cooper, C. N., Dabbs, N. C., Davis, J., & Sauls, N. M. (2020). Effects of lower-body muscular fatigue on vertical jump and balance performance. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 34(10), 2903-2910.
de Villarreal, E. S., Izquierdo, M., & Gonzalez-Badillo, J. J. (2011). Enhancing jump performance after combined vs. maximal power, heavy-resistance, and plyometric training alone. Journal of strength and conditioning research, 25(12), 3274–3281. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3182163085
Farkas, V., Simon, A., Sztruhár, I. J., Gyombolai, Z., & Kovács, É. (2024). Effect of horticultural therapy on static, dynamic balance and gait speed among institutionalized older adults with cognitive impairment. Journal of complementary & integrative medicine, 10.1515/jcim-2024-0100. Advanced online publication. https://doi.org/10.1515/jcim-2024-0100
Fatouros, I. G., Jamurtas, A. Z., Leontsini, D., Taxildaris, K., Aggelousis, N., Kostopoulos, N., & Buckenmeyer, P. (2000). Evaluation of plyometric exercise training, weight training, and their combination on vertical jumping performance and leg strength. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 14(4), 470-476. DOI: 10.1519/00124278-200011000-00016
Goktepe, M., Gunay, M., Bezcı, S., Bayram, M., & Ozkan, A. (2016). Correlations between different methods of vertical jump and static balance parameters in athletes. Turkish Journal of Sport and Exercise, 18(1), 147-152. https://doi.org/10.15314/tjse.42907
Gualtieri, D., Cattaneo, A., Sarcinella, R., Cimadoro, G., & Alberti, G. (2008). Relationship between balance capacity and jump ability in amateur soccer players of different ages. Sport Sciences for Health, 3(3), 73-76.
Hrysomallis, C. (2011). Balance ability and athletic performance. Sports medicine, 41(3), 221-232.
Luebbers, P. E., Potteiger, J. A., Hulver, M. W., Thyfault, J. P., Carper, M. J., & Lockwood, R. H. (2003). Effects of plyometric training and recovery on vertical jump performance and anaerobic power. Journal of strength and conditioning research, 17(4), 704–709. https://doi.org/10.1519/1533-4287(2003)017<0704:eoptar>2.0.co;2
Nikolaidou, M. E., Sotiropoulos, K., & Barzouka, K. (2023). Postural balance ability and vertical jumping performance in female veteran volleyball athletes and non-athletes. Frontiers in sports and active living, 5, 1109488. https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2023.1109488
Norris, J. M., Langefeld, C. D., Scherzinger, A. L., Rich, S. S., Bookman, E., Beck, S. R., Saad, M. F., Haffner, S. M., Bergman, R. N., Bowden, D. W., & Wagenknecht, L. E. (2005). Quantitative trait loci for abdominal fat and BMI in Hispanic-Americans and African-Americans: the IRAS Family study. International journal of obesity (2005), 29(1), 67–77. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ijo.0802793
Ramachandran, A. K., Singh, U., Ramirez-Campillo, R., Clemente, F. M., Afonso, J., & Granacher, U. (2021). Effects of Plyometric Jump Training on Balance Performance in Healthy Participants: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis. Frontiers in physiology, 12, 730945. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2021.730945
Robinson, L. E., Devor, S. T., Merrick, M. A., & Buckworth, J. (2004). The effects of land vs. aquatic plyometrics on power, torque, velocity, and muscle soreness in women. Journal of strength and conditioning research, 18(1), 84–91. https://doi.org/10.1519/1533-4287(2004)018<0084:teolva>2.0.co;2
Šalaj, S. Š., Milanović, D., & Jukić, I. (2007). The effects of proprioceptive training on jumping and agility performance. Kinesiology, 39(2), 131-141.
Struzik, A., Pietraszewski, B., Kawczyński, A., Winiarski, S., Juras, G., & Rokita, A. (2017). Manifestations of Proprioception During Vertical Jumps to Specific Heights. Journal of strength and conditioning research, 31(6), 1694–1701. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000001868
Suzuki, K., Kumai, T., Ichikawa, S., Maemichi, T., Okunuki, T., Shimpo, T., Akiyama, Y., Mitsui, H., & Niki, H. (2024). Dynamic Balance and Muscle Activity in Lifesavers: A Study on Intrinsic and Extrinsic Foot Muscles. Cureus, 16(8), e67756. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.67756
Taipale, R. S., Mikkola, J., Vesterinen, V., Nummela, A., & Häkkinen, K. (2013). Neuromuscular adaptations during combined strength and endurance training in endurance runners: maximal versus explosive strength training or a mix of both. European journal of applied physiology, 113(2), 325–335. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-012-2440-7
Üzümcü, B., Açar, G., Konakoğlu, G., & Mutuş, R. (2024). Investigation of the Effectiveness of TecnoBody Devices in Rehabilitation. Istanbul Gelisim University Journal of Health Sciences, (22), 383-394.https://doi.org/10.38079/igusabder.1418692
Wilczyński, B., Hinca, J., Ślęzak, D., & Zorena, K. (2021). The Relationship between Dynamic Balance and Jumping Tests among Adolescent Amateur Rugby Players. A Preliminary Study. International journal of environmental research and public health, 18(1), 312. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18010312
DOI: https://doi.org/10.53016/jerp.v6i2.274
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
The Journal of Education and Recreation Patterns © 2023 by The Journal of Education and Recreation Patterns is licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0
